【知识归纳】

1. 被动语态由“be＋过去分词”构成，be随时态的变化而变化。

① 一般现在时的被动语态：am/ is/ are + done (指及物动词的过去分词) 。如：

【考例】

All visitors to this village        with kindness.  (2011四川)

A. treat              B. are treated

C. are treating    D. had been treated   

【解析】B。主语all visitors与谓语动词treat之间为被动关系，用一般现在时。

② 一般过去时的被动语态: was/ were + done。如：

【考例】

After getting lost in a storm, a member of the navy team        four days later. (2011上海)

A. rescued             B. was rescued

C. has rescued       D. had been rescued

【解析】B。主语a member of the navy team与谓语动词rescue之间为被动关系，根据语境为一般过去时。

③ 一般将来时和过去将来时的被动语态：will(would) + be + done。如：

No decision will be made about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed. (2008北京)直到对所有候选人进行面试之后，才能就将来的任命做出决定。

④ 现在进行时和过去进行时的被动语态：am/ is/ are(was/ were)+ being+ done。如：

【考例】

The church tower which        will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. (2010上海)

A. has restored   B. has been restored

C. is restoring      D. is being restored

【解析】D。restore意思为“修复”，而最后一句表明工程还未完成，应为正在修复中。

⑤ 现在完成时和过去完成时的被动语态：have/ has (had)+been + done。如：

【考例】

In the last few years thousands of films        all over the world. (2011天津)

A. have produced   B. have been produced

C. are producing  D. are being produced   

【解析】B。由时间状语In the last few years判断这是现在完成时，films与produce构成被动关系。

2. 含有情态动词的主动语态变为被动语态时，要把主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态中的主语;主动语态中的谓语动词变为“情态动词+助动词be+过去分词”。如：

As for parents, nothing can be compared with their children’s physical and mental health.

3. 不定式的被动式主要有两种：to be done表示动作还未发生，to have been done表示动作已经完成。如：

【考例】

His first book        next month is based on a true story. (2010陕西)

A. published        B. to be published

C. to publish        D. being published  

【解析】B。由时间状语next month可知，所填非谓语动词表示将来的动作，用动词不定式，book与publish构成被动关系，故用不定式的被动式。

4. 当become, feel, go, get等动词用作系动词时，其后可接过去分词，表示被动，此结构比较口语化。如：

More and more students become interested in English. 

【强化训练】

用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。

  1. Would you please keep quiet? An important notice        (broadcast) and I want to listen.

  2. It is required that lights in students’ dorms        (switch) off by eleven o’clock. 

  3.— I’m going to Pairs tomorrow. Do you have anything        (take) to your sister?

       — No, thanks.   

  4. If your report        (finish) by tomorrow is delayed, you’re sure to lose some points from your final result. 

  5. Many new opportunities       (open) up in the future for those with a university degree.

  6.— I don’t think we have met before. 

       — Yes, once at a party, but we        (introduce). 

  7. She was fortunate        (choose) to star in the film which       (set) in our company.

  8. Great changes        (take place) in my school and a lot of buildings       (set up).

  9. The bridge       (finish) in 2014 is sure to greatly relieve the traffic pressure in this city.

10. Lily and Carl got        (marry) last year and they are living happily.

答案：

1. is being broadcast 2. be switched  3. to be taken  4. to be finished  5. will be opened     

6. weren’t introduced 7. to have been chosen; was set 8. have taken place; have been set up       

9. to be finished   10. married

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