非谓语动词( 二)
一. 非谓语动词的时态
【疑难分析二】不定式或v-ing形式所表示的动作若发生在谓语动词的动作之前,用完成式; 若与谓语动作同时发生,并强调正在进行的情景或持续性,可用不定式或v-ing形式的进行式。
【考题链接】
1. Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing… but we seem the art of communicating face-to-face. (上海2011)
A. losing B. to be losing C. to be lost D. having lost
【考题分析】答案为B。seem后需加不定式作宾语,因为此动作正在发生,所以用不定式的进行时。
【考题链接】
2. Harrison Ford is thought to be one of the few movie stars as a carpenter before. (上海2011春)
A. to work B. to be working
C. to have worked D. to have been working
【考题分析】答案为C。“做过木匠”这事件发生在过去,不定式应当用完成式,表示发生过,排除A、B两项。因为现在是明星,不再做木匠,因此排除D项。
【考题链接】
3. I still remember to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.
(陕西2009)
A. to take B. to be taken C. taking D. being taken
【考题分析】答案为D。remember后接v-ing表示动作已经完成,也可接动词不定式表示动作还未发生,根据后文的saw可知此处非谓语动词表示的动作已经完成,且与逻辑主语是被动关系,故用v-ing的被动式。
二. 非谓语动词的语态
【疑难分析三】当不定式或v-ing形式与其逻辑主语是主动关系
时,用主动式;是被动关系时,用被动式。过去分词本身就表达被动含义。
【考题链接】
1. If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city by their enthusiastic supporters. (浙江2011)
A. being cheered B. be cheered C. to be cheered D. were cheered
【考题分析】答案为C。空格在句中作状语,空格后的by提示cheer与team之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,且事情还没有发生,故用不定式的被动式。
【考题链接】
2. It’s important for the figures regularly. (北京2011)
A. to be updated B. to have been updated
C. to update D. to have updated
【考题分析】答案为A。update与the figures之间为被动关系,又因为这里谈及的是日常规律性的事情,因此用不定式被动形式中的一般式。
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