直接引语变为间接引语
【观察】
(1) He said, “I get on well with people here.”
→ He said (that) he got on well with people there.
(2) He said, “Are you coming tomorrow?”
→ He asked me if / whether I was coming the next day.
(3) Mr. Smith said, “Jack is a good worker.”
→ Mr. Smith said (that) Jack was a good worker.
(4) She said, “I had a bad dream last night.”
→ She said (that) she had had a bad dream the night before.
(5) The foreigner said, “This is the first time I have been here.”
→ The foreigner said (that) that was the first time he had been there.
【自我归纳】直接引语变为间接引语时，除了句型的变化外，还要注意人称代词、时态、指示代词、时间及地点状语的变化:
(1) 人称代词的变化: 一般遵循“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”的原则。如：句(1)中，直接引语中出现的第一人称代词“I”要按照引述动词的主语“he”来变化；句(2)中，直接引语中出现的第二人称代词“you”要按照引述动词的宾语“me”来变化为“I”；直接引语中出现的第三人称代词或名词一般不需要变化，如句(3)。
(2) 时态的变化: 当引起直接引语的谓语动词是过去时时，直接引语的谓语动词时态的转变主要是：一般现在时→一般过去时；现在进行时→过去进行时；一般将来时→过去将来时；一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时→过去完成时，如句(4)；如果直接引语中有以when, while引导的从句表示过去的时间或是客观事实、科学真理、现在的习惯性动作以及格言等内容，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
(3) 指示代词、时间及地点状语的变化: now → then，yesterday → the day before等，如句(2)和句(4)；here → there，如句(1)和句(5)；this → that，these → those等，如句(5)。
【即学即练】将下列直接引语变为间接引语。
1. The little boy said, “I will not be late tomorrow.”
2. She said, “My mother bought me a new book yesterday.”
3. The mother said, “Peter can’t go to the party because he’s too young.”
4. Mother said, “I was cooking in the kitchen when there was a crash.”
5. “Light travels much faster than sound,” the teacher explained.
6. The young man said, “I have been waiting for a better chance these years.”
参考答案：
1. The little boy said (that) he would not be late the next day.
2. She said (that) her mother had bought her a new book the day before.
3. The mother said (that) Peter couldn’t go to the party because he was too young.
4. Mother said (that) she was cooking in the kitchen when there was a crash.
5. The teacher explained (that) light travels much faster than sound.
6. The young man said (that) he had been waiting for a better chance those years.
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