直接引语变为间接引语

【观察】

(1) “Do you go to school by bus or by bike?” he asked.

       → He asked me whether I went to school by bus or by bike.

(2) She asked me, “When will you leave for Shanghai?”

       → She asked me when I would leave for Shanghai.

(3) He asked, “Who is on duty?”

       → He asked who was on duty.

(4) She said, “Our bus will arrive in five minutes.”

       → She said (that) their bus would arrive in five minutes.

(5) He said to me, “My car is broken and I can’t drive you to the airport.”

       → He said (that) his car was broken and that he couldn’t drive me to the airport.

(6) “A friend in need is a friend indeed,” said our teacher.

       → Our teacher said (that) a friend in need is a friend indeed.

(7) The doctor said to me, “Don’t smoke any more.”

       → The doctor told me not to smoke any more.

【归纳】直接引语变为间接引语时，要注意各种句型的变化：

(1)直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，要用连词　　　引导（但转述选择疑问句时，通常只用whether引导），同时把原来的疑问语序变为　　　，如句(1)。

(2)直接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，仍用原来的疑问词引导，但要把原来的

　　　变为陈述语序，如句(2)。注意：疑问代词作主语，变为间接引语时，其语序　　　，如句(3)。

(3)直接引语是陈述句，且主句谓语动词是一般过去时，变为间接引语时，要改变原直接引语　　　的时态，使其和主句谓语动词在时态上保持一致，由连词　　　(可省略)引导，如句(4)。注意：从第二个宾语从句开始，其前的that不可省略，如句(5)。

(4)直接引语是客观事实、科学真理、现在的习惯性动作以及格言等内容，变为间接引语时，时态　　　，如句(6)。

(5)直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时应改为 “tell/ask/order...sb.(not) to do sth.句型，如句(7)。

【即学即练】

Ⅰ. 将下列直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词。

  1. John said to me, “I told her all about it.”

       John told me 　  　　 　  　　 　  　　 　  　　 her all about it.

  2. He said to Kate, “How is your sister?”

     He asked Kate 　  　　 　  　　 　  　　 　  　　.

  3. The teacher said to him, “Will you be back soon?”

       The teacher 　  　　 him 　  　　 　  　　 　  　　 　  　　 　  　　 soon.

  4. “The earth is round,” Galileo said.

       Galileo said (that) 　  　　 　  　　 　  　　 　  　　.  

  5. “Don’t interrupt me while I am busy,” he reminded.

       He reminded me 　  　　 　  　　 　  　　 　  　　 while he was busy.

Ⅱ. 从Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ和Ｄ中选出最佳答案。

  1. He asked 　  　　 for the violin. 　

       A. had I paid how much   　　　　　

       B. I had paid how much　

       C. how much had I paid   　　　　　

       D. how much I had paid

  2. The reporter said that the UFO 　  　　 from east to west when he saw it.

       A. was traveling　　　　  B. traveled　　              

C. had traveled　　              D. travels

  3. She asked me 　  　　 I had seen Margaret last.

       A. how                      B. when       

       C. that                       D. which

  4. The little boy told me 　  　　 he was interested in painting very much.

       A. whether                 B. how       

       C. what                     D. that

  5. He said that he had bought that bike 　  　　.

     A. last week                    B. three days before

       C. three days ago             D. before three days

  6. Bob asked her 　  　　 the day before.

      A. what she saw         B. what did she see 

       C. what she had seen            D. what had she seen

 参考答案：

       【归纳】(1) whether / if；陈述语序    (2) 疑问语序；不变

                      (3) 谓语动词；that             (4) 不变   

       【即学即练】

Ⅰ.  1. that he had told                2. how her sister was   

       3. asked；if /whether he would be back

       4. the earth is round                5. not to interrupt him

Ⅱ.  1-3 DAB                                4-6 DBC       （本文潜龙家教摘自学英语报，特此鸣谢）