定语从句
【观察】 观察下列句子中定语从句的用法，然后加以总结。
1. The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard.
2. The classroom, whose door is broken, is being repaired.
3. The pencil, with which he used to write, is broken.
4. That old man is the professor, from whom we learned a lot.
5. He is telling us a story of Lei Feng, of whom everyone is proud.
6. Please pass me the book, the cover of which is green.
7. There are fifty students in our class, most of whom are from the countryside.
8. He has got three pens, two of which he never uses.
9. Two boys are playing over there, of whom the taller is Jack.
10. China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.
11. It is a beautiful campus where I had a lot of dreams.
12. God helps those who help themselves.
13. Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a very beautiful city．
14. Do you remember the day when/on which you joined our club？
15. She didn’t tell me the reason why/for which she refused the offer.
【总结】
我们在第三册已经学过，定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句、“介词+whom/which”引导的定语从句以及定语从句的省略。本册书我们需要掌握以下内容：
一、 whose引导的定语从句
whose在定语从句中作定语，既可以指人也可以指物，译为“某人/物的”。（如例句1和2）
二、 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词通常用whom（指人）和which（指物）。介词的确定方法：
◆介词和先行词是习惯搭配。（如例句3）
◆介词和定语从句的谓语动词或形容词是习惯搭配。（如例句4和5）
三、“名词/代词/数词等+of+关系代词”引导的定语从句
表示“整体中的部分”或“所属关系”时，用介词of。
◆“名词/代词/数词+of+关系代词”引导的定语从句。（如例句6-8）
◆“the+形容词的比较等级+of+关系代词”引导的定语从句。（如例句10）
◆“名词/代词/数词/the+形容词的比较等级等+of+关系代词”也可写作“of+关系代词+名词/代词/数词/the+形容词的比较等级等”。 （如例句9）
四、 用关系代词还是关系副词？
◆根据关系词在定语从句中所作的句子成分确定。
作主语、宾语或定语用关系代词，作状语用关系副词（如例句11）。
◆根据先行词的所指确定。
指人用who, whom，that, 指物用which，that。指时间用when，指地点用where，指原因用why。（如例句12）
◆是限定性定语从句还是非限定性定语从句。
that不用于非限定性定语从句。（如例句13）
【特别提醒】关系代词只能用that不能用which的情况：
◆先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时
◆当先行词被only, very, last, all, every, no, some, any, little, much等所修饰时
◆当先行词为不定代词时
◆先行词中既有人又有物时
五、 关系副词与“介词+which”的转换。
关系副词常可换成“介词＋关系代词”。通常情况下，when=in/on/at/during which, where=in/at/on which, why＝for which。（如例句14-15）
语法巩固练习
Ⅰ. 用适当的关系词填空。
1. I don’t want a job I’m chained to a desk all day.
2. China is a developing country belongs to the third world.
3. The house, I bought last year, has a lovely garden.
4. Fortune never helps the man courage fails.
5. My parents have four children, among I am the eldest.
6. The only thing worried me was that we could not find the right person to do it.
7. My mother works in a factory, in front of there is a small river.
8. The second foreign country I expect to visit is Greece.
Ⅱ. 用“介词+关系代词”填空。
1. I’ll never forget the mountain village I spent my childhood.
2. The young man I spoke just now is my English teacher.
3. They lived in a house, the door was open to the south.
4. This is the reason I am in favor of this reform.
5. He has a circle of friends he has a lot in common.
6. What’s the year China first launched her man-made satellite?
7. The Greens have two daughters, both are college students.
8. The painting, he paid a lot of money, proved to be a fake.
9. Because of the traffic jam I got caught, I was late for the meeting.
10. The old worker we know much is our part-time teacher now.
Keys:
Ⅰ. 1. where 2. which/that 3. which
4. whose 5. whom 6. that
7. which 8. that
Ⅱ. 1. in which 2. to whom 3. of which
4. for which 5. with whom 6. in which
7. of whom 8. for which 9. in which
10. about whom 本文潜龙家教摘自《学英语报》 |
